ABSTRACT
Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) and exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life prevents around 20% newborn deaths and 13% under-five deaths. EIBF is predominately associated with socioeconomic, health related, and individual factors. Very few studies in Gujarat and probably none in Jamnagar district have been conducted to know factors related to the timing of initiation of breastfeeding. Objectives: This study was carried out with the objective to find out the prevalence of EIBF and association of demographic, antenatal, and intranatal factors with prelacteal feeding practice in Jamnagar district of Gujarat. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 2015–2016 in four talukas of Jamnagar district with a sample size of 426 mother-infant pairs calculated with appropriate formula using prevalence of EIBF. Out of this, 400 samples with adequate response were analyzed. Multistage sampling was done and mothers who gave valid consent were taken as respondent. Chi-square, Fisher exact, and Pearson correlation tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of EIBF was 62% in Jamnagar district. About 94.8% newborn of 15–19 years aged mothers, 96.4% newborns of mothers of Class-V socio-economic class, 87.5% newborns of illiterate mothers, 96.5% newborns of farmer mothers, and 77.4% of 1st birth order newborns received breastfeeding within 1 h of their birth. The proportion of newborn receiving breastfeeding within 1–4 h after birth increased significantly with increasing number of antenatal care (ANC) visits (P < 0.01). Among mothers with prolonged labor, 43.5% could initiate breastfeeding early. Mode of delivery and health facility for delivery were a significant determinant for the time of initiation of breastfeeding. Conclusion: EIBF decreased with increasing age of mothers, increasing socio-economic class and increasing the education level of mothers. The practice of EIBF is also low among employed mothers, among newborn with high birth order and among mothers of general caste. EIBF is high in mothers with fewer ANC visits, among mothers with prolonged labor, in case of normal delivery, delivery at primary health care, and delivery assisted by female health staff.
ABSTRACT
Background: Prelacteal feeding leads to delay in initiation of breastfeeding and prevention of the initial bonding between the mother and the baby, even lactation failure and shortening of the duration of breastfeeding. Prelacteal feeds have lesser nutrient value, and unfortunately, due to different customs and misbelieves, the habit of prelacteal feeding is common in our society. Infant and Young Child Feeding Guideline discourages prelacteal feeding practices and encourages optimal breastfeeding practices. Objectives: This study was carried out with the objective to find out the prevalence of prelacteal feeding and association of demographic, antenatal, and intranatal factors with prelacteal feeding practice in Jamnagar district of Gujarat. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 2015–2016 in four talukas of Jamnagar district with a sample size of 423 mother-infant pairs calculated with an appropriate formula using prevalence of prelacteal feeding. Out of this, 400 samples with adequate response were analyzed. Multistage sampling was done and mothers who gave valid consent were taken as respondent. Chi-square and Spearman correlation tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: We have found 20% prevalence of prelacteal feeding in Jamnagar district of Gujarat. Lower prevalence of prelacteal feeding practice was observed among general caste (14.4%), among socio-economic Class-I (11.5%), among mothers with education up to graduate level (8.6%), among employed mothers (10.3%), and among high birth order newborns. Increasing number of antenatal care (ANC) is correlated with decreasing prevalence of prelacteal feeding (Corelation coefficient = 0.943, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Increasing education level, betterment in socio-economic condition, increasing ANC services, increasing number of health facilities available for delivery care, trained delivery assistant, etc., have a significant role in decreasing prelacteal feeding custom.
ABSTRACT
Background: Robust emergency transport system is vital in the reduction of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by curtailing delay and thus, it helps in reaching the sustainable development goals of MMR. The emergency management and referral institute (EMRI) model has shown good results in various states of India including Gujarat. There are some demographic and other reasons which may affect the choice of transport service for institutional delivery. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the factors for utilization of 108 EMRI obstetric care services for institutional delivery in Jamnagar district of Gujarat. Materials and Methods: It was conducted in eight Primary Health Centre areas of different four talukas of Jamnagar district with a sample size of 384. Pregnant women whose institutional delivery occurred during past 6 months from the study date were included as the study population. The sampling frame consisted of a list of such woman recorded in E-Mamta from which samples were selected by systematic random sampling. Results: Among 384 institutional deliveries, 150 (39.1%) mothers used 108 EMRI for transport from their place to a health facility. Statistically significant higher utilization of 108 EMRI services was observed among scheduled caste (49.2%), scheduled tribe (42.8%), and among socioeconomic Class V (55.3%) followed by Class IV (45.2%). Absence of felt need was the major reason for not utilizing 108 EMRI. Among user, 78.7% were satisfied with the services of 108 EMRI. Conclusion: A total of 108 GVK EMRI has been the lifeline for transport of institutional deliveries for the socially disadvantaged and economically challenged community.